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A multi-centre survey on hospital malnutrition: result of PNSI study
Somayeh Poudineh1, Forough Shayesteh1, Jamshid Kermanchi2
1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48464, Pardise Daneshghah, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran.
Insights
Nearly one in four hospital patients in Iran suffer from malnutrition, increasing risks of illness and death. Key risk factors include male gender, cancer, longer hospital stays, and polypharmacy.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Nutrition
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Disease-related malnutrition is a significant issue linked to adverse health outcomes, including higher morbidity, mortality, and extended hospital stays.
- Assessing nutritional status and identifying risk factors in hospital settings is crucial for improving patient care and reducing healthcare costs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition among patients in Iranian university hospitals.
- To determine independent risk factors associated with malnutrition in this patient population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study, the Persian Nutritional Survey In Hospitals (PNSI), was conducted in 20 university hospitals across Iran.
- A total of 2109 patients aged 18–65 years were assessed using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) during admission or discharge.
Main Results:
- Malnutrition was identified in 23.92% of patients, with higher prevalence in admitted (26.23%) versus discharged (21%) patients.
- The highest malnutrition rates were observed in patients with burns (77.70%) and heart surgery (57.84%).
- Independent risk factors for malnutrition included male gender, malignant disease, longer hospital stay, and polypharmacy. Age was not significantly associated with malnutrition.
Conclusions:
- Approximately one in four patients in Iranian university hospitals experience malnutrition.
- Urgent consideration and implementation of targeted interventions are necessary to address hospital malnutrition and mitigate its adverse effects.
Background:
Disease-related malnutrition is associated with adverse outcomes such as increased rates of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and extra costs of health care. This study was conducted to assess nutritional status among patients and to determine the risk factors for malnutrition in Iran university f.
Methods:
Persian Nutritional Survey In Hospitals (PNSI) was a cross-sectional study that conducted in 20 university hospitals across Iran. All the patients with age range of 18 to 65 years, who were admitted or discharged, were assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA).
Results:
In total, 2109 patients were evaluated for malnutrition. Mean values of age and body mass index were 44.68 ± 14.65 years and 25.44 ± 6.25 kg/m2, respectively. Malnutrition (SGA-B & C) was identified in 23.92% of the patients, 26.23 and 21% of whom were among the admitted and discharged patients, respectively. The highest prevalence of malnutrition was in burns (77.70%) and heart surgery (57.84%) patients. Multivariate analysis presented male gender (OR = 1.02, P < 0.00), malignant disease (OR = 1.40, P < 0.00), length of hospital stay (OR = 1.20, P < 0.00), and polypharmacy (OR = 1.06, P < 0.00) as independent risk factors for malnutrition. Malnutrition was not associated with age (P = 0.10).
Conclusion:
This study provides an overall and comprehensive illustration of hospital malnutrition in Iran university hospitals, finding that one out of four patients were malnourished; thus, appropriate consideration and measures should be taken to this issue.
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