Management of psoriasis in children (Review)

Psoriasis is a common long-lasting, inflammatory disease that mainly affects the skin. The incidence of this condition has increased significantly over time and at this point, it affects approximately 1% of children. Psoriasis can appear at any age, including childhood and adolescence, with a higher frequency in girls, an earlier onset being associated with severe psoriasis. The pathology is the result of the interaction between genetics and trigger factors such as infections, stress, diet, obesity, and chemical irritants. Paradoxically, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab) may induce psoriasis in children. Psoriasis is a long-term condition with periods of exacerbation; thus, the quality of life can be affected and patients should receive psychosocial support. Although most children have mild disease and topical treatment is efficient, some cases are challenging to treat. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, comorbidities, and treatment of psoriasis in children and also to emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to this complex pathology.