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Irinotecan-Induced Steatohepatitis: Current Insights
Jun Han1,2, Jing Zhang3, Chengliang Zhang1
1Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Frontiers in Oncology
|October 28, 2021
Summary
Irinotecan chemotherapy can cause liver damage, known as irinotecan-induced steatohepatitis (IIS), especially in patients with liver metastases. Further research is needed to understand IIS mechanisms for developing treatments.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Irinotecan is a widely used chemotherapy for solid tumors, particularly colorectal cancer.
- Hepatotoxicity is a significant concern with irinotecan treatment, manifesting as elevated transaminases and steatosis.
- Irinotecan-induced steatohepatitis (IIS) elevates morbidity and mortality in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on irinotecan-induced steatohepatitis (IIS).
- To summarize research progress on the pathogenesis of IIS.
- To highlight the need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for IIS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on irinotecan hepatotoxicity.
- Analysis of clinical manifestations and risk factors of IIS.
- Exploration of potential pathogenetic mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy.
Main Results:
- IIS is characterized by transaminase increase, steatosis, vacuolization, and lobular inflammation.
- Obesity, diabetes, and high-fat diets are major risk factors for IIS.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired autophagy are implicated in IIS pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- There are currently no effective treatments for irinotecan-induced steatohepatitis.
- Deciphering the precise mechanisms of IIS is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
- Further research is essential to mitigate the risks associated with irinotecan treatment.
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