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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
164
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

194
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
194
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

199
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
199
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

1.2K
Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

175
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
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Atrial High-Rate Event Incidence and Predictors in Patients With Permanent Pacemaker Implantation.

Jian Hua Chen1, Guo Yao Chen2, Hong Zheng1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Institute of Coronary Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|October 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Atrial high-rate events (AHREs) occurred in 31.5% of pacemaker patients. Age, symptomatic sick sinus syndrome, and atrial pacing percentage predict AHREs.

Keywords:
atrial high-rate eventscardiologypacemakerpercentage of atrial pacingsick sinus syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Permanent pacemaker implantation is common for bradyarrhythmias.
  • Atrial high-rate events (AHREs) are increasingly recognized in pacemaker populations.
  • Predictors and incidence of AHREs require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of AHREs in patients with dual-chamber pacemakers.
  • To identify independent predictors of AHREs in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 289 patients with dual-chamber pacemakers for complete atrioventricular block or symptomatic sick sinus syndrome (SSS).
  • AHREs defined as atrial frequency ≥175 bpm for ≥5 min.
  • 12-month follow-up with multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Main Results:

  • AHREs were detected in 31.5% of patients over 12 months.
  • Independent predictors of AHREs included older patient age (OR=1.041), pacemaker implantation for symptomatic SSS (OR=2.225), and higher percentage of atrial pacing (OR=1.010).

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of AHREs in pacemaker patients is significant (31.5%).
  • Patient age, indication for pacemaker (symptomatic SSS), and atrial pacing burden are key predictors.
  • These findings aid in risk stratification and management of pacemaker patients.