Low temperature scanning electron microscopy: a review

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Microscopy Techniques
• Biophysics

Background:

• Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) is a valuable tool for examining biological and material samples.
• Specimen preparation at low temperatures is critical for preserving native structures.
• Understanding the frozen-hydrated state is essential for accurate morphological analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the utility of LTSEM in morphological and analytical studies.
• To present various low temperature specimen preparation techniques.
• To discuss challenges and criteria for analyzing frozen-hydrated samples.

Main Methods:

• Application of diverse low temperature specimen preparation techniques.
• Utilizing low temperature stages for specimen examination and analysis.
• Conducting parallel studies with conventional transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy.

Main Results:

• Demonstration of LTSEM's effectiveness across different specimen types.
• Identification of challenges in morphological identification of fully frozen-hydrated samples.
• Presentation of criteria for verifying the frozen-hydrated state.

Conclusions:

• LTSEM is a powerful technique for detailed specimen analysis when low temperature methods are employed.
• Complementary microscopy techniques are vital for robust morphological identification.
• Establishing criteria for the frozen-hydrated state ensures reliable experimental outcomes.