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Information scrambling in quantum circuits
Xiao Mi1, Pedram Roushan1, Chris Quintana1
1Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 28, 2021
Summary
Researchers experimentally studied quantum scrambling on a 53-qubit quantum processor. They observed operator spreading and entanglement, finding entanglement requires significant classical resources to simulate, unlike spreading.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Science
- Quantum Computing
- Condensed Matter Physics
Background:
- Quantum information spreads through interactions in quantum systems, a process called quantum scrambling.
- Understanding quantum scrambling is crucial for addressing fundamental questions in physics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To experimentally investigate the dynamics of quantum scrambling using out-of-time-order correlators.
- To distinguish and observe the signatures of operator spreading and operator entanglement in quantum circuits.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a 53-qubit quantum processor to measure time-dependent evolution and fluctuations of out-of-time-order correlators.
- Engineered specific quantum circuits to differentiate between operator spreading and operator entanglement dynamics.
Main Results:
- Experimentally observed distinct signatures for operator spreading and operator entanglement.
- Demonstrated that operator spreading can be efficiently modeled classically.
- Showcased that simulating operator entanglement in idealized circuits necessitates exponentially scaled classical computational resources.
Conclusions:
- The experimental investigation provides insights into the complex dynamics of quantum scrambling.
- Findings highlight the computational challenges associated with simulating quantum entanglement.
- Paves the way for utilizing near-term quantum processors to study complex physical observables.
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