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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Growth failure of very low birth weight infants during the first 3 years: A Korean neonatal network

Joohee Lim1, So Jin Yoon1, Jeong Eun Shin1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Plos One
|October 28, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Growth failure is common in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Identifying risk factors like prematurity complications and sex helps in early intervention for better long-term growth outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Growth and Development
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Growth failure is a significant concern for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, impacting long-term health.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for timely interventions and improved developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors associated with growth failure in VLBW infants at 18-24 months (FU1) and 36 months (FU2) corrected age.
  • To analyze these risk factors separately for infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 2,943 VLBW infants from the Korean Neonatal Network (2013-2015).
  • Growth failure defined as a z-score below -1.28.
  • Multiple logistic regression analysis to determine independent risk factors for growth failure.

Main Results:

  • Overall growth failure rates were 20.3% at FU1 and 35.2% at FU2.
  • For AGA infants, risk factors included male sex, discharge growth failure, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity treatment, and rehabilitation.
  • For SGA infants, risk factors included lower birth weight, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and rehabilitation treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Growth failure is a persistent issue in VLBW infants, necessitating close monitoring.
  • Specific risk factors identified for AGA and SGA subgroups require targeted follow-up and nutritional support.
  • Early identification and management of these risk factors are essential for optimizing growth and development in VLBW populations.

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