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Related Concept Videos

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Hallucinations in...
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Schizophrenia01:17

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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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False Memories01:18

False Memories

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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
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Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Confident memory errors and disrupted reality testing in early psychosis.

Rashina D Seabury1, Carrie E Bearden2, Joseph Ventura3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America.

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|October 28, 2021
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Patients with schizophrenia make more confident memory errors, linking these specific mistakes to positive symptoms. This suggests a unique cognitive impairment tied to reality testing in schizophrenia.

Keywords:
MemoryMetacognitionNeurocognitionPsychosisSchizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia involves impaired reality testing, potentially linked to memory deficits.
  • Episodic and associative memory are crucial for reality assessment.
  • Mnemonic process deficits may contribute to impaired reality testing in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate confident incorrect memory responses in recent-onset schizophrenia patients.
  • To compare memory performance between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
  • To determine the association between confident errors and symptom severity in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • An associative memory paradigm with confidence ratings was employed.
  • First-episode schizophrenia patients (n=48) and healthy controls (n=26) participated.
  • Analysis of variance was used to compare groups and correlate performance with symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly more confident errors than controls.
  • Confident errors were strongly associated with positive symptom severity.
  • This association was specific and not observed with uncertain responses or overall performance.

Conclusions:

  • A propensity for high-confidence incorrect memory judgments may uniquely reflect disrupted reality testing in schizophrenia.
  • This specific cognitive impairment is distinct from general memory and cognitive deficits.
  • Findings highlight a potential biomarker for reality testing disturbances in schizophrenia.