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On a Possible Solution to the Tidal Realignment Problem for Hot Jupiters.

Kassandra R Anderson1, Joshua N Winn1, Kaloyan Penev2

  • 1Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

The Astrophysical Journal
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
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Tidal forces can realign cool stars with hot Jupiters, explaining their low obliquities. This study shows obliquity damping occurs before stars destroy these planets, suggesting they are not in immediate danger.

Keywords:
Exoplanet dynamics (490)Exoplanet tides (497)Hot Jupiters (753)Star-planet interactions (2177)

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Area of Science:

  • Exoplanet science
  • Stellar astrophysics
  • Dynamical astronomy

Background:

  • Hot Jupiter hosts show a dichotomy in obliquity based on stellar temperature.
  • Tidal realignment is a proposed mechanism for low obliquities in cool stars with hot Jupiters.
  • This mechanism's validity depends on obliquity damping occurring before orbital decay.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tidal realignment of cool stars hosting hot Jupiters.
  • To determine if obliquity damping is efficient enough to occur before orbital decay.
  • To model the tidal evolution and predict the future lifetimes of hot Jupiter systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an empirically based model for stellar tidal quality factor.
  • Incorporated a low-frequency tidal potential component affecting obliquity.
  • Modeled the tidal evolution of 46 observed hot Jupiter systems using stellar ages from Gaia DR2 data.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrates efficient obliquity damping in most hot Jupiter systems.
  • Stellar obliquity is successfully reduced before significant orbital decay.
  • A prediction is made for low obliquities (<1°) in systems with orbital periods <2-3 days.

Conclusions:

  • Tidal realignment is a viable explanation for the observed obliquity patterns.
  • Hot Jupiters orbiting cool stars are likely not in immediate danger of stellar engulfment.
  • The predicted future lifetimes for most studied planets exceed 10^8 years.