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Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on gut microbiota
Chikara Iino1, Tadashi Shimoyama1
1Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
Abstract:
A number of studies have revealed the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the gut microbiota. More than half of the investigations on the impact of H. pylori on the gut microbiota have been the sub-analyses of the influence of eradication therapy. It was observed that H. pylori eradication altered gut microbiota within a short period after eradication, and majority of the alterations took a long period of time to reverse back to the original. Changes in the gut microbiota within a short period after eradication may be attributed to antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. Modification of gastric acidity in the stomach caused by a long-term H. pylori infection alters the gut microbiota. Analysis of the gut microbiota should be conducted in a large population, adjusting for considerable biases associated with the composition of the gut microbiota, such as age, sex, body mass index, diet and the virulence of H. pylori.
Insights
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection significantly impacts gut microbiota composition. While eradication therapy causes short-term changes, long-term H. pylori infection and treatments like antibiotics alter gut bacteria, requiring careful analysis.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Gastroenterology
- Microbiome Research
Background:
- Emerging research highlights the intricate relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the gut microbiota.
- Many studies focus on H. pylori eradication therapy's effects, often as secondary analyses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of H. pylori infection and its eradication on gut microbiota composition.
- To emphasize the need for comprehensive analysis considering confounding factors.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating H. pylori and gut microbiota.
- Analysis of findings related to eradication therapy, H. pylori infection duration, and treatment side effects.
Main Results:
- H. pylori eradication leads to rapid gut microbiota alterations, with many changes persisting long-term.
- Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors used in eradication contribute to short-term dysbiosis.
- Chronic H. pylori infection alters gastric acidity, further modifying the gut microbiota.
Conclusions:
- Gut microbiota composition is significantly influenced by H. pylori status and eradication treatments.
- Future gut microbiota analyses require large populations and adjustment for factors like age, sex, BMI, diet, and H. pylori virulence.
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