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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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The Relationship Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tumor Dormancy.

Linxian Zhao1, Kai Zhang1, Hongyu He2

  • 1Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tumor dormancy, a state of undetectable cancer, can lead to fatal metastases. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of tumor dormancy, focusing on the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regulating this process and proposing new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
anti-tumor treatmentcancer stem cells (CSCs)disseminated tumor cells (DTCs)mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)tumor dormancy

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An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Isolation from Pulp Tissue and Co-Culture with Cancer Cells to Study Their Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment
  • Metastasis Research

Background:

  • Tumor dormancy is a clinically undetectable state preceding metastasis and cancer mortality.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving tumor dormancy remain incompletely understood.
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are implicated as progenitors of dormant tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the origins of tumor dormancy.
  • To summarize dormancy-related molecular mechanisms.
  • To review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regulating tumor dormancy and propose novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing research on tumor dormancy.
  • Synthesis of molecular mechanisms underlying dormancy.
  • Emphasis on the role of MSCs in the context of tumor dormancy.

Main Results:

  • Tumor dormancy is regulated by specific molecular mechanisms, with CSCs and DTCs as potential progenitors.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a significant role in regulating tumor dormancy.
  • Understanding MSC-mediated dormancy offers a therapeutic window for cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • MSCs significantly influence tumor dormancy, presenting a novel therapeutic target.
  • New strategies targeting MSCs could prevent metastatic disease and improve cancer outcomes.
  • Further research into tumor dormancy and MSC interactions is crucial for clinical application.