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Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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Iron-Rich Complementary Foods: Imperative for All Infants.

Mary E Van Elswyk1, Robert D Murray2, Shalene H McNeill3

  • 1Scientific Affairs, Van Elswyk Consulting, Inc., Clark, CO, USA.

Current Developments in Nutrition
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nearly 18% of U.S. infants have insufficient iron intake, risking neurodevelopment. Early iron-rich complementary feeding is crucial for all infants, especially those fed human milk.

Keywords:
breast milkcomplementary feedingdietary guidelinesheme ironhuman milkinfant formulainfantsiron deficiencynonheme ironolder infants

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Iron deficiency affects 18% of U.S. infants, potentially leading to long-term neurodevelopmental issues.
  • The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) are the first to include recommendations for children under two years old.
  • Current DGA lack specific iron-rich dietary patterns for 6-12-month-old infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of iron-rich complementary feeding for infants.
  • To address the gap in DGA for infant iron intake recommendations.
  • To emphasize the benefits of early iron introduction for infant neurodevelopment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and related scientific reports.
  • Analysis of infant feeding practices and iron sufficiency rates.
  • Evaluation of the risk-to-benefit ratio of complementary feeding strategies.

Main Results:

  • Existing DGA examples for iron-rich foods for 6-12-month-olds did not meet criteria for recommended dietary patterns.
  • DGA encourage iron-rich foods by 6 months, particularly for breastfed infants.
  • Infant feeding is dynamic, and exclusive milk feeding is rare, making specific milk group emphasis potentially confusing.

Conclusions:

  • Iron-rich complementary feeding is recommended for all infants due to a favorable risk-to-benefit profile.
  • Addressing iron deficiency in infancy is critical for preventing neurodevelopmental consequences.
  • Clearer guidelines are needed for iron-rich dietary patterns in infants aged 6-12 months.