Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Odds Ratio01:09

Odds Ratio

386
The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...
386
Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

42.3K
Overview
42.3K
Testing a Claim about Population Proportion01:24

Testing a Claim about Population Proportion

3.5K
A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
3.5K
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

2.3K
Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
2.3K
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence01:16

Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence

4.9K
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
4.9K
Introduction to Test of Independence01:21

Introduction to Test of Independence

2.5K
In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Commentary on: Hahn M, Anslinger K, Eckert M, Fimmers R, Grethe S, Hohoff C, et al. [Joint recommendations of the project group "Biostatistical DNA Calculations" and the Trace Commission on the Biostatistical Evaluation of Forensic DNA Analytical Findings with Fully Continuous Models (FCM)]. Rechtsmedizin (Berl). 2023; 33(1):3-12. doi: 10.1007/s00194-022-00599-5.

Journal of forensic sciences·2023
Same author

Proactive forensic science in biometrics: Novel materials for fingerprint spoofing.

Journal of forensic sciences·2021
Same author

Automated reconstruction of cast-off blood spatter patterns based on Euclidean geometry and statistical likelihood.

Forensic science international·2020
Same author

Authors' Response.

Journal of forensic sciences·2020
Same author

Automatic Classification of Bloodstain Patterns Caused by Gunshot and Blunt Impact at Various Distances.

Journal of forensic sciences·2020
Same author

Dropwise Condensation on Multiscale Bioinspired Metallic Surfaces with Nanofeatures.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2019
Same journal

GenoEye: A machine learning-based framework for the prediction of intermediate eye color phenotypes.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026
Same journal

Sharp force trauma analysis without animal bones: A proposal for sustainable and ethical bone proxies.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026
Same journal

Absolute dating of modern paper using <sup>14</sup>C bomb peak data of the paper fibers.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026
Same journal

Forensic timeline investigation of Apple Health app on iOS.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026
Same journal

Help v. harm: How a "lookup table" for evaluating DNA evidence given activity-level propositions could lead to wrongful convictions.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Development and Evaluation of an Iodoplatinate-Based Strip-Type Kit for On-Site Drug Screening in Beverages".

Journal of forensic sciences·2026
See all related articles
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
07:21

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 27, 2022

3.3K

Using the likelihood ratio in bloodstain pattern analysis.

Daniel Attinger1, Kris De Brabanter2,3, Christophe Champod4

  • 1Struo LLC, Ames, Iowa, USA.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The likelihood ratio (LR) framework is applicable to bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), but its use is complex. Research in physics, data sharing, and statistical training are needed to facilitate LR application in BPA.

Keywords:
bloodbloodstain pattern analysiscourtroom testimonylikelihood ratiostatistics

More Related Videos

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic &#8216;Touch DNA&#8217; Evidence
11:49

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Published on: March 9, 2015

16.0K
Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
07:21

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 27, 2022

3.3K
Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic &#8216;Touch DNA&#8217; Evidence
11:49

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Published on: March 9, 2015

16.0K
Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Likelihood ratio (LR) is standard for evaluating forensic evidence weight in court.
  • Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) experts rarely use LR despite its appropriateness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate the applicability of LR to BPA methods and propositions.
  • Identify challenges and propose directions for wider LR adoption in BPA.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of BPA scope and methods against LR applicability criteria.
  • Review of scientific literature and current practices in BPA.

Main Results:

  • BPA's focus on activities and scientific gaps complicate direct LR application.
  • Reliance on diverse methods in BPA presents challenges for standardized LR use.
  • Recent fluid dynamics research offers a pathway for LR implementation.

Conclusions:

  • An LR framework is fully applicable to BPA.
  • Facilitating LR use requires research in underlying physics, data sharing, and statistical training.