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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

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Transferrin Receptor Targeted Polyplexes Completely Comprised of Sequence-Defined Components.

Teoman Benli-Hoppe1, Şurhan Göl Öztürk1, Özgür Öztürk1

  • 1Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Drug Research, and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich, 81377, Germany.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic polyplexes targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) offer a novel approach for gene delivery. These fully synthetic nanoparticles demonstrate efficient gene silencing and delivery in cancer cells.

Keywords:
gene silencinggene transfernanoparticlespDNAsiRNAtransferrin receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Transferrin (Tf) modified polyplexes show promise for tumor-targeted nucleic acid delivery.
  • Challenges exist in pharmaceutical production due to blood-derived proteins and polydisperse subunits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design fully synthetic, monodisperse polyplexes for Tf receptor (TfR)-mediated gene delivery.
  • To overcome limitations of current Tf-based delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-phase synthesis of cationizable lipo-oligoaminoamide (lipo-OAA) for siRNA polyplex core.
  • Attachment of a retro-enantio peptide (reTfR) via PEG spacer and click chemistry for TfR targeting.
  • Evaluation of six lipo-OAAs with varying lipidic domains and redox-sensitive linkages.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated improved gene silencing in TfR-expressing KB and DU145 cells using siRNA polyplexes.
  • Successfully utilized analogous plasmid DNA (pDNA) polyplexes for receptor-mediated gene delivery in K562 and Neuro2a cells.
  • Assessed the impact of core polyplex stability on receptor-dependent gene transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Fully synthetic, TfR-targeted polyplexes offer a viable alternative for nucleic acid delivery.
  • The synthetic approach facilitates pharmaceutical-grade production.
  • Optimized lipo-OAAs enhance the efficiency of receptor-mediated gene transfer.