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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

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Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

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Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
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Reaction Kinetics and Combustion Dynamics of I4O9 and Aluminum Mixtures
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Strong and Atmospherically Stable Dicationic Oxidative Dopant.

Tadanori Kurosawa1, Toshihiro Okamoto1,2,3, Yu Yamashita1,4

  • 1Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|October 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a stable, strong p-dopant (TAB-2TFSI) for semiconducting polymers. This novel charged molecule approach enhances electrical conductivity to 656 S cm⁻¹, overcoming limitations of traditional dopants.

Keywords:
atmospheric stabilitydicationic saltp-dopantstrong doping ability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Achieving high electrical conductivity in semiconducting polymers requires effective doping.
  • Traditional p-dopant strategies using electron-withdrawing groups face limitations in scalability, accessibility, and stability.
  • Developing strong yet stable p-dopants is crucial for advancing organic electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel concept of using a dicationic molecule as a strong and atmospherically stable p-dopant.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of tetraaryl benzidine dication (TAB²⁺) with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI⁻) as a p-dopant (TAB-2TFSI).
  • To investigate the impact of this new dopant on the doping level, crystallinity, and electrical conductivity of semiconducting polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of the TAB-2TFSI dopant.
  • Assessment of the dopant's atmospheric stability under ambient conditions.
  • Doping of state-of-the-art semiconducting polymers with TAB-2TFSI.
  • Measurement of doping levels, crystallinity, and electrical conductivity of the doped polymers.

Main Results:

  • TAB-2TFSI demonstrated remarkable atmospheric stability, showing no degradation after one year of storage.
  • Doping with TAB-2TFSI led to a high doping level and significantly enhanced crystallinity in semiconducting polymers.
  • The electrical conductivity of the doped polymer reached an impressive 656 S cm⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • The use of a charged molecule, specifically the dicationic TAB²⁺ with TFSI⁻ counterions, represents a versatile and effective strategy for creating strong and stable p-dopants.
  • This approach overcomes the limitations associated with conventional dopant design.
  • The findings pave the way for the development of next-generation organic electronic materials with superior performance.