[Research progress on three-dimensional printed interbody fusion cage]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Medical Device Technology

Background:

• Spinal fusion is a common surgical procedure for moderate to severe intervertebral disc diseases.
• Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly utilized for interbody fusion cages in spinal fusion surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the research progress of molding technology and materials for 3D printed interbody fusion cages.
• To classify and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different types of 3D printed interbody fusion cages.
• To review the clinical applications and future research directions of 3D printed interbody fusion cages.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of current research on 3D printed interbody fusion cages.
• Classification of cages based on structural layout: solid-porous-solid (SPS), solid-porous-frame (SPF), frame-porous-frame (FPF), and whole porous cage (WPC).
• Analysis of optimization processes, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical applications of each cage type.

Main Results:

• The study categorizes 3D printed interbody fusion cages into five structural types, detailing their characteristics and clinical use.
• An in-depth analysis of the optimization process, benefits, and drawbacks of each cage classification is provided.
• Current research highlights include advancements in molding technology, material science, and coating applications for these devices.

Conclusions:

• 3D printed interbody fusion cages represent a significant advancement in spinal fusion, offering tailored solutions.
• Further research into molding technologies, novel biomaterials, and advanced coating materials is crucial for future development.
• This review provides a comprehensive reference for researchers and clinicians in the field of interbody fusion cage technology.