Advances in Field Detection Based on CRISPR/Cas System

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Molecular Diagnostics
• Infectious Disease Surveillance

Background:

• Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is standard for nucleic acid detection but is time-consuming and requires specialized equipment.
• Rapid and accurate diagnostics are crucial for controlling infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19.
• CRISPR/Cas systems present a promising alternative for nucleic acid detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the steps involved in CRISPR/Cas-based detection.
• To summarize recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas-based point-of-care testing (POCT).
• To discuss the advantages, challenges, and future directions of CRISPR-based POCT.

Main Methods:

• The review outlines the CRISPR/Cas detection process.
• It summarizes POCT advancements across four key stages: nucleic acid extraction, target amplification, CRISPR/Cas signal generation, and signal output.

Main Results:

• CRISPR/Cas systems enable short detection cycles, low cost, and high sensitivity.
• These systems are adaptable for various readout methods, facilitating on-site testing.
• CRISPR-based POCT integrates nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection.

Conclusions:

• CRISPR/Cas-based POCT offers significant advantages for rapid, on-site infectious disease diagnostics.
• Challenges remain in optimizing workflow and widespread implementation.
• Future research should focus on refining CRISPR technology for broader clinical application.