Retroperitoneal Fibrosis After Spinal Surgery: A Report of 2 Cases

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Urology
• Pathology

Background:

• Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare chronic fibroinflammatory disorder.
• While often idiopathic, RPF can result from retroperitoneal injury or inflammation.
• Spinal surgery is an emerging potential cause of RPF.

Observation:

• This study details 2 patients who developed RPF with hydroureteronephrosis post-anterior lower interbody fusion (ALIF) and posterior spine fusion.
• A literature review identified 6 additional cases of suspected RPF following spinal surgery.
• Anterior lower interbody fusion (ALIF) was identified as a common factor in all 8 reviewed cases.

Findings:

• Anterior lower interbody fusion (ALIF) is associated with the development of retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF).
• Hydroureteronephrosis can be a complication of RPF following ALIF.
• RPF should be considered a potential, albeit rare, long-term complication of ALIF procedures.

Implications:

• Awareness of RPF as a potential complication of ALIF is crucial for surgeons.
• Early recognition and diagnosis of RPF post-ALIF may improve patient outcomes.
• Further research into the mechanisms linking ALIF to RPF is warranted.