Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

25.4K
Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
25.4K
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

8.9K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
8.9K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

7.1K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.1K
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

5.8K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
5.8K
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

12.8K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.8K
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

2.9K
Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose,...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The EU Nature Restoration Regulation as an opportunity for kelp forest conservation and restoration in Europe.

Annals of botany·2026
Same author

Evolution of root systems in land plants.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Systemic and Local Regulation of Root Growth by Vascular Trehalose 6-Phosphate is Correlated With Re-allocation of Primary Metabolites Between Shoots and Roots.

Plant, cell & environment·2026
Same author

Conservation and divergence of WOX functions in regenerative responses across land plants.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same author

DNA sequencing of type material of Polyopes constrictus and Dermocorynus occidentalis (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) supports Polyopes capensis sp. nov. and Polyopes occidentalis (Hollenberg) comb. nov.

Journal of phycology·2026
Same author

Stepwise evolutionary transitions in Cladophorales plastid genomes reveal origins of hairpin chromosomes.

Current biology : CB·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

14.0K

Auxin's origin: do PILS hold the key?

Kenny Arthur Bogaert1, Jonas Blomme2, Tom Beeckman3

  • 1Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Trends in Plant Science
|October 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auxin, a plant hormone, regulates development in land plants and brown seaweeds. Researchers found auxin transporters (PIN and PILS) evolved before multicellularity, suggesting a common origin for auxin function.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Endogenous Auxin and Cytokinin During Internode Culture of Ipecac
07:57

Quantification of Endogenous Auxin and Cytokinin During Internode Culture of Ipecac

Published on: March 15, 2018

9.2K
A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response
12:18

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

Published on: April 17, 2016

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Published on: January 14, 2016

14.0K
Quantification of Endogenous Auxin and Cytokinin During Internode Culture of Ipecac
07:57

Quantification of Endogenous Auxin and Cytokinin During Internode Culture of Ipecac

Published on: March 15, 2018

9.2K
A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response
12:18

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

Published on: April 17, 2016

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Auxin is a crucial plant hormone regulating development in land plants.
  • Similar auxin roles are observed in brown seaweeds, despite phylogenetic distance.
  • PIN and PIN-like (PILS) transporters, involved in auxin transport, predate canonical auxin response pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins of auxin transport and function.
  • To explore the conservation of auxin transport mechanisms across different life forms.
  • To understand the co-evolution of auxin pathways in multicellular and unicellular organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of PIN and PILS transporter families.
  • Comparative genomics of auxin-related genes.
  • Literature review on auxin function in algae and plants.

Main Results:

  • PIN and PILS transporters represent two eukaryotic subfamilies within a larger bacterial family.
  • Evidence suggests auxin function predates multicellularity, with conserved PILS-mediated transport.
  • Auxin's role in unicellular algae supports its ancient origins.

Conclusions:

  • Auxin's fundamental role and transport mechanisms have ancient evolutionary roots.
  • The study of algal PIN and PILS transporters can illuminate the common origin of auxin function.
  • Independent co-option of auxin pathways occurred in multicellular contexts.