Tamm-Horsfall protein. Abnormal localization in renal disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Pathology
• Immunology

Background:

• Interstitial deposits of periodic acid-Schiff positive fibrillar material are observed in tubulointerstitial diseases.
• Immunofluorescent, immunochemical, and electron microscopic studies identified this material as Tamm-Horsfall protein.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and association of Tamm-Horsfall protein deposits in various kidney diseases.
• To explore the potential role of these deposits in the pathogenesis of renal damage.

Main Methods:

• Prospective evaluation of 133 kidneys.
• Histopathological examination and immunofluorescence studies to detect Tamm-Horsfall protein deposits.

Main Results:

• Tamm-Horsfall protein deposits were found in 11% of evaluated kidneys.
• Deposits were most common in medullary cystic disease (50%), obstructive uropathy/vesicoureteral reflux (21%), and tubulointerstitial disease (29%).
• Tamm-Horsfall protein was also found in Bowman's space in four cases of obstructive uropathy.

Conclusions:

• Severe tubular damage may lead to the release of Tamm-Horsfall protein into the renal interstitium.
• Interstitial deposition of Tamm-Horsfall protein could trigger inflammatory responses and progressive renal damage.