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A validated reduced-order dynamic model of nitric oxide regulation in coronary arteries

Hossein Moshfegh1, Farshad Tajeddini2, Hossein Ali Pakravan1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Computers in Biology and Medicine
|October 30, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This study introduces a novel mathematical model to simulate nitric oxide (NO) dynamics in coronary arteries, aiding cardiovascular disease research. The model helps understand NO

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Nitric Oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in regulating myocardial oxygen demand and preventing cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis.
  • Direct in vivo measurement of NO in coronary arteries remains a significant challenge.
  • Understanding NO's role is vital for preventing and treating cardiovascular conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a first-of-its-kind mathematical model for dynamic changes in calcium and NO concentrations in coronary arteries.
  • To simulate the effects of NO release on coronary artery hemodynamics and vasodilation during cardiac pacing.
  • To investigate the influence of hematocrit on coronary artery blood flow.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model simulating dynamic changes in calcium and NO concentrations.
  • Simulation of NO release effects on coronary arterial hemodynamics and vasodilation.
  • Analysis of flow rate, wall shear stress, dilation, NO, and Ca2+ concentrations.
  • Investigation of hematocrit's impact on coronary blood flow.

Main Results:

  • Flow rate, wall shear stress, and Ca2+ concentration exhibited biphasic behavior.
  • NO concentration and dilation percentage showed triphasic behavior.
  • Increased hematocrit led to a slight reduction in blood flow.
  • The model was qualitatively and quantitatively validated against experimental measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed mathematical model accurately predicts arterial behavior following NO release during cardiac pacing.
  • This model serves as a valuable tool for understanding vessel damage mechanisms.
  • The findings offer insights into the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
Cardiac pacingCoronary arteriesDynamic modelEndothelial cellLumped parameter models (LPM)Nitric oxide regulation

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