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A plastic feedthrough suitable for high-voltage DC femtosecond electron diffractometers.

Patrick Gicala1, Ariel A Petruk1, Nicolás Rivas1

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We developed a new high voltage feedthrough (HVFT) using polyethylene for ultrafast electron sources. This inexpensive, customizable HVFT successfully achieved 180 kV, overcoming breakdown challenges for advanced scientific instruments.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • High-energy ultrashort electron bunches enable studies of ultrafast dynamics in samples.
  • Achieving high direct current voltages (>100 kV) is limited by surface and vacuum breakdown.
  • High voltage feedthroughs (HVFTs) are critical components in electrostatic electron guns, preventing discharge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, manufacture, and condition a novel HVFT for high-energy electrostatic ultrafast electron sources.
  • To overcome the limitations of surface and vacuum breakdown at high voltages.
  • To provide a customizable and cost-effective solution for high voltage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and manufactured a new HVFT utilizing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as the insulating material.
  • Implemented a conditioning process involving gas and voltage cycling over several weeks.
  • Tested the HVFT's performance under high voltage conditions and monitored vacuum levels.

Main Results:

  • The new HVFT, made with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, proved effective in high voltage applications.
  • A maximum voltage of 180 kV was achieved after conditioning.
  • A vacuum level of 1.8 × 10⁻⁸ Torr was attained, indicating stable operation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HVFT offers a viable and inexpensive solution for achieving high voltages in ultrafast electron sources.
  • The conditioning process was crucial for reaching high voltages and improving vacuum stability.
  • This advancement facilitates the study of ultrafast structural dynamics in thicker in-liquid samples.