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Yttrium-90 Radioembolization in the VX2 Rabbit Model: Radiation Safety and Factors Influencing Delivery Efficiency.

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  • 1Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR
|October 31, 2021
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Summary

This study optimized yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolization in a rabbit liver cancer model. Optimal infusion parameters and reduced operator radiation exposure were identified for this preclinical research.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolization is a promising liver cancer treatment.
  • Preclinical models are crucial for optimizing treatment parameters and safety.
  • The VX2 rabbit model offers a viable platform for studying liver-directed therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal infusion parameters for 90Y radioembolization in the VX2 rabbit liver cancer model.
  • To assess operator radiation exposure during 90Y radioembolization procedures.
  • To provide methodological guidance for establishing preclinical 90Y laboratories.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-one rabbits with VX2 liver tumors were treated using glass microspheres of varying vial sizes (1, 3, 5 GBq).
  • Delivery efficiency, administered activity, operator extremity radiation dose, and infusion parameters (volume, rate) were recorded.
  • Microsphere distribution and elimination pathways (fecal, gallbladder uptake) were monitored over 1-2 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Delivery efficiency was significantly higher with 1 GBq compared to 3 GBq (P = .0013) and 5 GBq (P = .0060) vials.
  • The mean operator extremity exposure was 41.7 μSv per infusion.
  • Optimal infusion parameters were identified as a minimum volume of 49 mL and a rate of 21 mL/min.

Conclusions:

  • Yttrium-90 (90Y) radioembolization can be safely and efficiently performed in the VX2 rabbit liver cancer model.
  • The study provides essential data for optimizing infusion parameters and minimizing operator radiation exposure.
  • Methodological insights are offered to facilitate the setup of preclinical 90Y laboratories for translational research.