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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Biopsy Techniques with Transesophageal Ultrasound
Published on: November 21, 2023
Therapeutic Endoscopy and the Esophagus: State of the Art and Future Directions
Linda Y Zhang1, Anthony N Kalloo2, Saowanee Ngamruengphong3
1Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite M2058, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Abstract:
Therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy is rapidly evolving, and this evolution is quite apparent for esophageal diseases. Minimally invasive endoluminal therapy now allows outpatient treatment of many esophageal diseases that were traditionally managed surgically. In this review article, we explore the most exciting new developments. We discuss the use of peroral endoscopic myotomy for treatment of achalasia and other related diseases, as well as the modifications that have allowed its use in treatment of Zenker diverticulum. We cover endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus. Further, we explore advanced endoscopic resection techniques.
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