[Possible mechanisms of impaired post-vaccination immune response in obesity]

Obese people are at high risk of developing infections, including COVID-19, and are prone to a more severe course and a poorer prognosis of diseases. The review summarizes information on the post-vaccination immune response in obesity in children and adults with infections. The SARS-COV-2 pandemic further exacerbates this problem of the adequacy of the immune response to vaccination of obese people. The purpose of this review is to present and summarize information on the changes in various links of cellular and humoral immunity in the experiment and in the clinic during the immune response to vaccination in obesity. Results. The mechanisms of action of obesity and associated chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation on the post-vaccination immune response in various infections are discussed. The systemic inflammatory response that occurs in obesity represents a barrier to the induction of a sustained immune response. In obese individuals, innate and adaptive immune responses are slowed down and diminished, contributing to the spread of infections. Conclusion. In obesity, the differentiation and proliferation of cells of the immune system is impaired, and the immune response to vaccination changes. Further research is needed to study post-vaccination immunity in obesity, taking into account the effect on the vaccination of the microbiota of a particular person, the presence of possible comorbid conditions.