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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
Published on: November 8, 2015
Towards next-generation personalization of tacrolimus treatment: a review on advanced diagnostic and therapeutic
Arun Radhakrishnan1, Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy1, Sivasankaran Ponnusankar2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract:
The benefit of personalized medicine is that it allows the customization of drug therapy - maximizing efficacy while avoiding side effects. Genetic polymorphisms are one of the major contributors to interindividual variability. Currently, the only gold standard for applying personalized medicine is dose titration. Because of technological advancements, converting genotypic data into an optimum dose has become easier than in earlier years. However, for many medications, determining a personalized dose may be difficult, leading to a trial-and-error method. On the other hand, the technologically oriented pharmaceutical industry has a plethora of smart drug delivery methods that are underutilized in customized medicine. This article elaborates the genetic polymorphisms of tacrolimus as case study, and extensively covers the diagnostic and therapeutic technologies which aid in the delivery of personalized tacrolimus treatment for better clinical outcomes, thereby providing a new strategy for implementing personalized medicine.
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