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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000...
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

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Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

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Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
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Exploring the Burden on Patients Living With and Receiving Treatment for Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Patient and Physician Perceptions From the ITP World Impact Survey (I-WISh) 2.0.

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Updated: Oct 15, 2025

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry
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Immune thrombocytopenia.

James Bussel1, Nichola Cooper2, Ralph Boccia3

  • 1Professor Emeritus, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.

Expert Review of Hematology
|November 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New guidelines offer updated strategies for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) management. Current treatments focus on patient needs and evidence-based options like thrombopoietin receptor agonists and fostamatinib, improving outcomes beyond just platelet counts.

Keywords:
Immune thrombocytopeniacorticosteroidsfostamatinibguidelinesrituximabsplenectomythrombopoietin receptor agonists

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder causing low platelet counts and bleeding risk.
  • Recent (2019) guidelines from the International Consensus Report (ICR) and American Society of Hematology (ASH) offer updated management recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight differences/similarities in the 2019 ICR and ASH guidelines for ITP.
  • To discuss clinical approaches to ITP treatment, including newer options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the 2019 International Consensus Report (ICR) and American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines.
  • Analysis of current clinical treatment strategies for immune thrombocytopenia.

Main Results:

  • The 2019 guidelines emphasize individualized patient care, considering quality of life over disease stage.
  • Corticosteroids remain a primary initial treatment, but their use should be limited.
  • Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), fostamatinib, and rituximab are supported by evidence for adult ITP management.

Conclusions:

  • Current ITP treatment is more rational and evidence-based.
  • Fostamatinib and rituximab provide alternatives to splenectomy for adult patients.
  • Patient-specific outcomes and needs should guide ITP treatment decisions.