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Thematic Reclassifications and Emerging Sciences.

Raphaël Sandoz¹

¹Global Studies Institute, Unit of History and philosophy of science, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.

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|November 1, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a new quadripartite typology for classifying scientific disciplines based on historical analysis. Understanding these classification shifts reveals how intellectual territories evolve, fostering new research areas.

Keywords:

Classification of the sciences Emerging disciplines History of disciplines Thematic analysis

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Area of Science:

Thematic classification systems in science
Organization of specialized research areas
Historical evolution of scientific disciplines

Background:

Science has historically been organized using various thematic classifications.
Distinguishing between specialized scientific areas has evolved over time.
Previous classifications lacked a comprehensive historical framework.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a quadripartite typology for thematic classification systems of science.
To analyze the historical evolution of criteria used to differentiate scientific fields.
To understand how changes in scientific structure impact research emergence.

Main Methods:

Historical analysis of thematic classification systems.
Examination of criteria used to differentiate sciences (subject matter, knowledge, methods, aims).
Identification of reclassifications in the thematic structure of science.

Main Results:

A quadripartite typology for science classification systems is proposed.
Criteria for differentiation have historically shifted between subject matter, knowledge, methods, and aims.
Significant reclassifications have occurred in the thematic structure of science.

Conclusions:

Changes in scientific classification alter the interaction between knowledge, methods, and aims.
Reshaped intellectual territories emerge from these structural changes.
Evolving classification systems facilitate the development of new research areas.