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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
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Multiple Sclerosis Wellness Shared Medical Appointment Model: A Pilot Study.

Justin R Abbatemarco1, Jeffrey A Cohen1, Belinda L Udeh2,3

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research (JRA, JAC, MRR), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.

International Journal of MS Care
|November 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shared medical appointments (SMAs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients improved physical and mental health outcomes. This wellness program reduced costly emergency visits and increased beneficial primary care, physical therapy, and psychology appointments.

Keywords:
Health care accessHealth care utilizationMultiple sclerosis (MS)Shared medical appointments

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Shared medical appointments (SMAs) integrate medical care and patient education in group settings.
  • A pilot wellness-focused SMA was implemented in a large multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a wellness-focused SMA on patients with MS.
  • To assess changes in physical, psychological, and healthcare utilization outcomes post-SMA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of data from patients attending MS wellness SMAs (January 2016 - June 2019).
  • Collected data included demographics, BMI, patient-reported outcomes, and healthcare utilization 12 months pre/post SMA.
  • Statistical comparison utilized the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Main Results:

  • Fifty adult MS patients participated; 44% had depression/anxiety.
  • Significant improvements observed: reduced BMI (P=.03), decreased depression scores (PHQ-9, P=.001).
  • Healthcare utilization shifted: fewer ED visits (P=.0005), more primary care (P<.001), physical therapy (P=.004), and psychology visits (P=.003).

Conclusions:

  • Pilot MS wellness SMAs demonstrated positive physical and psychological benefits.
  • SMAs led to increased, lower-cost healthcare utilization and decreased acute, high-cost care.
  • Findings suggest SMAs are a potentially cost-effective and beneficial approach for managing MS patients.