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Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Following COVID-19 Infection.

Juan B Yepez¹, Felipe A Murati¹, Michele Petitto²

¹Vitreoretinal Surgery Department, Clinica de Ojos, Maracaibo, Venezuela.

Case Reports in Ophthalmology

|November 1, 2021

Summary

A COVID-19 infection preceded Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, causing vision loss and ocular pain. This case highlights a potential neurological complication following SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Serous retinal detachment Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Infectious Diseases
Neurology

Background:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been linked to various neurological and ocular complications.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the eyes, ears, and nervous system.

Observation:

A 29-year-old female presented with a 15-day history of progressive bilateral visual disturbance, ocular pain exacerbated by eye movement, and bilateral tinnitus.
Ophthalmic examination revealed decreased visual acuity (20/100 OD, 20/300 OS), optic nerve swelling, disrupted nerve fiber layer striations, and bilateral retinal folds.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed bilateral serous retinal detachment, inner and outer plexiform layer hyper-reflective changes, inner nuclear layer thickening, and interdigitation zone disruption.

Findings:

The patient had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test one month prior to symptom onset without reported complications.
The clinical presentation and OCT findings were consistent with incomplete Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
This suggests a potential association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of VKH disease.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of considering VKH disease in patients with ocular inflammatory symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the potential pathomechanisms linking COVID-19 and VKH disease.
Early diagnosis and management of post-COVID-19 VKH disease are crucial to prevent irreversible vision loss.