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Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

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Zinc Influx Restricts Enterovirus D68 Replication.

Shunan Liu¹, Xia Cao¹, Haoran Guo²

¹Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology

|November 1, 2021

Summary

Zinc ions show significant antiviral activity against Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) by inhibiting viral replication and production. Enhancing zinc influx presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating EV-D68 infections.

Keywords:

EV-D68 antiviral agents enterovirus pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate zinc influx

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Area of Science:

Virology
Infectious Diseases
Drug Discovery

Background:

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a significant respiratory pathogen responsible for severe disease and neurological complications.
Global outbreaks since 2014 highlight the urgent need for effective EV-D68 therapeutics, as no approved antiviral agents or vaccines currently exist.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the antiviral potential of zinc ions against EV-D68 infection.
To explore the mechanisms underlying zinc's antiviral activity and its therapeutic implications.

Main Methods:

In vitro assessment of zinc salt activity against EV-D68.
Evaluation of viral RNA replication, protein synthesis, virion production, and cytopathic effects.
Analysis of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) effects on viral attachment and protein VP1 synthesis.
Investigation of zinc ionophore effects on anti-EV-D68 activity.

Main Results:

Zinc ions demonstrated potent antiviral activity against EV-D68 in vitro, suppressing viral RNA replication, protein synthesis, and infectious virion production.
Zinc treatment inhibited cytopathic effects with low cytotoxicity (EC50=0.033mM).
Zinc chloride moderately inhibited viral attachment, and enhanced zinc influx via ionophores boosted antiviral efficacy.

Conclusions:

Zinc ions possess substantial antiviral properties against EV-D68.
Enhancing cellular zinc influx is a viable therapeutic strategy for managing EV-D68 infections.