Peripheral Blood-Based Gene Expression Studies in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Vipul Vilas Wagh1, Parin Vyas1, Suchita Agrawal2
1Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
Frontiers in Genetics
|November 1, 2021
Summary
Biomarkers for schizophrenia (SCZ) found in peripheral blood gene expression studies aid early diagnosis. Analysis revealed 11 genes with genetic and epigenetic changes, highlighting disrupted proline metabolism and supporting blood as a biomarker source.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience and Genetics
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Schizophrenia (SCZ) diagnosis is challenging due to symptom variability and duration.
- Identifying peripheral blood-based biomarkers is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment development.
Approach:
- A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Web of Science for SCZ blood gene expression studies.
- Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for overlap with genetic markers, drug status, functional enrichment, and antipsychotic effects.
- Compilation and analysis of 61 gene expression studies, with a focus on 17 microarray studies.
Key Points:
- Seventeen microarray studies identified 227 DEGs, with differences noted between drug-naive and treated SCZ participants.
- Eleven DEGs (e.g., DISC1, NRG1) showed concurrent genetic/epigenetic changes in SCZ.
- Functional enrichment analysis pinpointed dysregulated arginine and proline metabolism as a key pathway in SCZ.
Conclusions:
- Peripheral blood gene expression studies reveal coherent observations despite methodological variations, supporting blood as a surrogate tissue for SCZ biomarker analysis.
- Limited overlap between genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression changes suggests gene-environment interactions in SCZ.
- Future research should leverage diverse cohorts, high-throughput sequencing, and AI for improved SCZ understanding and diagnostics.
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