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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, frequently co-occurring with cirrhosis.
  • Risk factors include viral hepatitis, alcohol, tobacco, and specific dietary patterns (high saturated fat, aflatoxins).
  • Protective nutritional factors include fiber, fruits, vegetables, n-3 fatty acids, and coffee.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of nutritional assessment and support in HCC management.
  • To emphasize the challenges posed by malnutrition in patients with HCC and cirrhosis.
  • To outline key nutritional strategies for improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Nutritional assessment using traditional methods, functional testing, phase angle analysis, and CT-derived skeletal muscle index (SMI-L3).
  • Nutritional therapy focused on adequate energy and protein intake.
  • Consideration of cirrhosis-related complications and their impact on nutritional care.

Main Results:

  • Patients with HCC and cirrhosis often present with severe malnutrition.
  • Multidisciplinary team approach is essential for effective nutritional support.
  • Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation shows promise in improving treatment response, nutritional status, and survival.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive nutritional assessment and tailored therapy are vital for HCC patients.
  • Addressing malnutrition and cirrhosis complications is key to optimizing care.
  • Physical exercise, adapted to individual needs, should be encouraged alongside nutritional interventions.