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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
192
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Support Reactions in Three Dimensions01:27

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

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Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
Ball and Socket Joint is one of the supports allowing free rotation about any axis. This freedom of rotation is...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
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Modular Dual Mobility Constructs Used for Recurrent Hip Instability.

Andrew Yun1, Marilena Qutami1, Eric Carles1

  • 1Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, USA.

Cureus
|November 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Revision total hip arthroplasty using a modular dual mobility (MDM) articulation effectively manages recurrent hip instability after failed treatments. This approach, utilizing a direct anterior approach, achieved zero dislocations in a two-year follow-up study.

Keywords:
direct anterior approachdislocationmodular dual-mobilityrevision total hip arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Recurrent hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a challenging complication.
  • Modular dual mobility (MDM) articulations offer a potential solution for intractable instability.
  • Previous surgical stabilization attempts and conservative treatments had failed in the study cohort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of revision THA with an MDM articulation.
  • To assess the efficacy of the direct anterior (DA) approach in revision THA for recurrent instability.
  • To determine the success rate of MDM in managing refractory hip instability.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 15 patients undergoing revision THA with MDM for recurrent instability.
  • All procedures performed via a direct anterior approach with intraoperative fluoroscopy.
  • Minimum two-year follow-up assessing dislocations, complications, and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Zero dislocations occurred post-revision THA with MDM at a mean follow-up of 4 years.
  • No further revisions or reoperations were required.
  • Improved cup positioning (inclination 45°, anteversion 20°) and increased effective head size (32mm to 44mm) were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Modular dual mobility articulation is effective for managing refractory hip instability in THA.
  • The direct anterior approach, combined with intraoperative imaging, aids implant positioning and stability in revision cases.
  • MDM provides a viable solution for hip instability when prior treatments have failed.