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Metabolomics Profiling Discriminates Prostate Cancer From Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Within the Prostate-Specific

Bei Xu1, Yan Chen2, Xi Chen3

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|November 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Serum metabolomics can differentiate prostate cancer (PCa) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the PSA diagnostic gray zone. Lipid metabolism alterations and 18 specific metabolites show promise for accurate PCa diagnosis.

Keywords:
candidate biomarkerslipid metabolismprostate cancerprostate-specific antigenuntargeted metabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Oncology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent male malignancy.
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key diagnostic biomarker but lacks accuracy in the 4-10 ng/ml range.
  • Distinguishing PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in this PSA range is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of serum metabolomics profiling in differentiating PCa from BPH in individuals with PSA levels between 4-10 ng/ml.
  • To identify specific metabolites associated with PCa in this diagnostic gray zone.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 220 participants (PCa, BPH, and healthy controls) with PSA levels of 4-10 ng/ml was studied.
  • Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) non-targeted metabolomics.
  • Multivariate analyses (PCA, PLS-DA) and ROC curve analysis were employed to identify and validate diagnostic metabolites.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic reprogramming, particularly in lipid metabolism, was observed in PCa patients.
  • Eighteen lipid or lipid-related metabolites were identified as differential markers.
  • These metabolites demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (AUC > 0.80) for distinguishing PCa from BPH.
  • A significant negative correlation was found between these metabolites and lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, Apo-B, HDL-C, Apo-A) in PCa patients.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic reprogramming, especially lipid metabolism alterations, is a hallmark of PCa.
  • The 18 identified lipid metabolites serve as potential biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of PCa and BPH within the PSA gray zone (4-10 ng/ml).