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Related Experiment Videos

Evolutionary origin of cholinergic macromolecules and thyroglobulin.

N Mori, N Itoh, P M Salvaterra

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Comparing protein sequences reveals evolutionary links between invertebrates and vertebrates. This suggests common origins for nervous and endocrine systems, crucial for intercellular communication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Proteins involved in acetylcholine (AcCho) metabolism and cholinergic neurotransmission include choline acetyltransferase (ChoAcTase), acetylcholinesterase (AcChoEase), and nicotinic AcCho receptors (AcChoR).
    • Understanding the evolutionary relationships of these proteins can provide insights into the development of nervous and endocrine systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare amino acid sequences of key cholinergic proteins across different species.
    • To investigate evolutionary connections between invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems.
    • To explore potential common evolutionary origins of nervous and endocrine systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of amino acid sequences for ChoAcTase, AcChoEase, and AcChoR.

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  • Identification of homologous segments and calculation of sequence identity.
  • Examination of thyroglobulin sequences for homology with AcChoEase.

    • Main Results:

    • Limited segmental homology was found between Drosophila ChoAcTase and rat AcChoR, suggesting convergent evolution of acetylcholine binding sites.
    • Significant global homology (21-44% identity) and conserved segments were identified between Drosophila ChoAcTase and Torpedo AcChoEase, indicating a possible common evolutionary origin.
    • Mammalian thyroglobulin contains an AcChoEase-like sequence, suggesting gene fusion or recruitment during vertebrate evolution.

    Conclusions:

    • Evolutionary history of nervous system proteins is discernible across vertebrate and invertebrate taxa.
    • Molecular evidence supports common evolutionary origins for vertebrate nervous and endocrine systems, both facilitating intercellular communication.