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Updated: Oct 14, 2025
Reconstruct Human Retinoblastoma In Vitro
Published on: October 11, 2022
High-Risk Histopathologic Features of Retinoblastoma Treated at a Tertiary Hospital in West Java, Indonesia
Nur Melani Sari1, Regina Hadiputri2, Maya Sari Kuntorini3
1Department of Child Health, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital/Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Purpose:
To evaluate the histopathological characteristics of clinically advanced retinoblastoma (RB) and its relationship with tumor differentiation.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of primary enucleated group D/E intraocular RB using medical records from 2017 to 2020 in a tertiary referral hospital. Cases with incomplete histopathological results were excluded. Tumors were classified into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated and undifferentiated. High-risk histopathological features were classified as per Thaung and Karaa [Community Eye Health. 2018;31(101):17-3].
Results:
This study included 121 patients (129 eyes), of which 32.2% were diagnosed at 25-36 months. High-risk features (HRFs) were found in 100/129 eyes, and of 73 complete histopathological results, the 2 most common HRFs were postlaminar optic nerve invasion and massive choroidal invasion. RB was poorly differentiated in 69.9% and well differentiated in 12.3% of eyes. There was no statistically significant association between any HRFs and tumor differentiation, with age >2 years associated with tumor differentiation (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The frequency of HRFs is 77.5% of primary enucleated eyes, mainly poorly and undifferentiated cells, particularly in children aged >2 years old.
