Current Endoscopic Resection Techniques for Gastrointestinal Lesions: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection, Submucosal...

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Endoscopic Surgery

Background:

• Endoscopic resection of early-stage cancers and dysplastic lesions is a guideline-recommended procedure to reduce mortality.
• Established techniques like snare polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) offer short procedure times and acceptable complication rates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the established and novel endoscopic resection techniques for gastrointestinal lesions.
• To highlight the evolving standards in endoscopic treatment for early cancer and benign lesions.

Main Methods:

• Review of established endoscopic resection techniques including snare polypectomy and EMR.
• Discussion of advanced techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) for challenging lesions.

Main Results:

• EMR allows en bloc resection of larger lesions with low complication rates.
• ESD and EFTR are emerging standards for lesions not amenable to EMR, enhancing en bloc resection rates.

Conclusions:

• Endoscopic resection is the recommended first-line therapy for benign lesions.
• A variety of endoscopic techniques are available, chosen based on specific lesion characteristics.