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Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases

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Published on: October 24, 2019

Predicting the Potential Applicability to Other Technical Fields Through the Linkage Between Backward and Forward

Masayuki Hirose¹

¹Ph.D. Program, Graduate School of Business Administration, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics

|November 1, 2021

Summary

This study confirms that backward and forward patent citations in distant technical fields are linked, even in Japan. This finding supports using backward citations to identify early-stage inventions with cross-field potential.

Keywords:

backward citation distant knowledge innovation study patent analysis technical field

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Area of Science:

Intellectual Property Analysis
Patent Classification Systems
Technological Proximity Measurement

Background:

Existing research shows correlations between backward and forward citations in technical fields.
Applying these insights to Japanese patent data presents challenges due to differing classification systems and citation types (applicant vs. examiner).
Current methods for measuring technical distance may not adequately account for evolving classification systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the linkages between backward and forward citations in Japanese patent applications.
To propose and validate a novel method for measuring technological proximity using examiner's citations and International Patent Classification (IPC)-based data.
To test hypotheses regarding the relationship between distant backward and forward citations in Japanese patents.

Main Methods:

Development of a new measurement method for technological proximity between examiner's citations and originating patents.
Utilizing IPC-based patent classifications for analysis.
Testing two hypotheses on approximately 14,000 examined Japanese patent applications filed in 2008.

Main Results:

Hypothesis I confirmed: Trajtenberg et al.'s findings are applicable to Japanese patents using examiner citations and IPC classifications.
Patent applications citing distant backward citations are more likely to receive distant forward citations.
Hypothesis II confirmed: In some fields, distant backward citations correlate with distant forward citations within the same technical area.

Conclusions:

The study validates the applicability of backward-forward citation linkage insights to Japanese patent data.
The proposed measurement method effectively captures technological proximity.
Backward citations can serve as an early indicator for identifying inventions with potential cross-field applicability.