Overview of techniques to manage shoulder dystocia during vaginal birth

Anastasia Bothou1,2, Dimitra-Maria Apostolidi1, Panagiotis Tsikouras2

  • 1Department of Midwifery, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.

Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency which is unpredictable and complicates approximately 0.5-1% of vaginal births. This article discusses the risk factors and the associated fetal and maternal complications, while it is also an overview of techniques and algorithms to handle shoulder dystocia.