Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

4.0K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
4.0K
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

474
Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
474
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

72.5K
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
72.5K
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

332
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
332
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

1.4K
Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
1.4K
Limiting Reactant02:27

Limiting Reactant

63.4K
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in reality, the reactants are not always present in the stoichiometric amounts indicated by the balanced equation.
63.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trends for Proton Transport Activity and Stability in Turnbull's Blue Analogues: Theory and Experiments.

Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Electrochemical Electron Transfer: Key Concepts, Theories, and Parameterization via Atomistic Simulations.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Spatial confinement-enhanced CHA system based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructures for sensitive in situ mRNA analysis" [Talanta 306 (2026) 129764].

Talanta·2026
Same author

From byproduct to bioresource: Antioxidant potential, flavor profile, and microbiological quality of recovered water from freeze-dried and rotary evaporation dried Muscat grapes.

Food chemistry·2026
Same author

Synergistic regulation by the stay-green gene family maintains green flower coloration via chlorophyll degradation in chrysanthemum.

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB·2026
Same author

Nonequilibrium Electrical Double Layer Effects on Unilateral Peak Suppression in Cyclic Voltammetry.

ACS electrochemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations
10:11

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

Published on: August 3, 2016

10.1K

Cation Overcrowding Effect on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Jun Huang1,2, Mengru Li1, Mohammad J Eslamibidgoli2

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany.

JACS Au
|November 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonspecifically adsorbed cations significantly impact electrocatalytic activity by altering local conditions. Cation overcrowding near negatively charged electrode surfaces explains observed trends in oxygen evolution reactions (OER).

More Related Videos

Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device
08:28

Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device

Published on: July 18, 2025

221
Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes
05:21

Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes

Published on: October 28, 2021

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations
10:11

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

Published on: August 3, 2016

10.1K
Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device
08:28

Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device

Published on: July 18, 2025

221
Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes
05:21

Operation of Laboratory Photobioreactors with Online Growth Measurements and Customizable Light Regimes

Published on: October 28, 2021

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Electrolyte ion effects on electrode/electrolyte interfaces are crucial but often debated.
  • Nonspecifically adsorbed cations' influence on local reaction conditions is frequently overlooked.
  • Understanding these effects is vital for optimizing electrocatalytic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nonspecifically adsorbed cations on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • To develop and validate a physicochemical model for predicting OER activity.
  • To elucidate the role of local reaction conditions in determining catalyst performance.

Main Methods:

  • Physicochemical modeling integrating density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Microkinetic and electric double-layer mean-field submodels.
  • Experimental validation and Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicts OER activity, validated by experimental data.
  • Decreased OER activity correlates with increasing effective cation size due to overcrowding.
  • Model insights remain robust against parameter variations.

Conclusions:

  • Cation overcrowding near negatively charged electrode surfaces is a key factor influencing OER activity.
  • This mechanism explains pH-dependent OER activity and the effect of divalent cations.
  • Accurate accounting for local reaction conditions is essential for understanding electrocatalyst behavior.