Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

6.0K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
6.0K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

657
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
657
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

47.1K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
47.1K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

536
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
536
Hearing01:31

Hearing

53.9K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
53.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cognitive function depends upon <i>Satb2</i> gene dosage in cortical projection neurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Electrical stimulation precisely reproduces naturalistic spiking activity in complete and intermixed neural populations in the primate retina.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Deep-learning-assisted simulation of a cortical circuit: integrating anatomy, physiology and function.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Understanding responses to multi-electrode epiretinal stimulation using a biophysical model.

Journal of neural engineering·2024
Same author

Functional diversity in the output of the primate retina.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Precise control of neural activity using dynamically optimized electrical stimulation.

eLife·2024
Same journal

Combinatorial multiomic analysis from a pedigree of Sox10Dom Hirschsprung mice identifies multiple high confidence candidate modifiers of Enteric Nervous System development.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Extracting host-specific developmental signatures from longitudinal microbiome data.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Population sparseness determines strength of Hebbian plasticity for maximal memory lifetime in associative networks.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Predictive coding explains asymmetric connectivity in the brain: A neural network study.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Zooplankton feeding behavioral signatures in the morphology of macroscale prey spatial distribution.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

A brief overview of 20 years of neuroscience in PLoS Computational Biology.

PLoS computational biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Coding and Mechanisms of Visual Processing in the Superior Colliculus
10:43

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Coding and Mechanisms of Visual Processing in the Superior Colliculus

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.8K

Nonlinear visuoauditory integration in the mouse superior colliculus.

Shinya Ito1,2, Yufei Si3, Alan M Litke1

  • 1Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America.

Plos Computational Biology
|November 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Superior Colliculus (SC) integrates sensory information. This study models how visual and auditory stimuli combine in the SC, revealing nonlinear integration dependent on auditory stimulus properties.

More Related Videos

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

12.2K
Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins
07:04

Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins

Published on: February 7, 2020

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Coding and Mechanisms of Visual Processing in the Superior Colliculus
10:43

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Coding and Mechanisms of Visual Processing in the Superior Colliculus

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.8K
Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

12.2K
Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins
07:04

Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins

Published on: February 7, 2020

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sensory modalities are processed in parallel and integrated in associative brain areas.
  • The Superior Colliculus (SC) is crucial for integrating visual, auditory, and somatosensory input to assess saliency and guide actions.
  • Understanding the population-level dynamics of SC sensory integration remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of multisensory integration at the population level in the Superior Colliculus.
  • To develop a population-level model explaining the requirements for sensory integration in the SC.
  • To characterize the properties of SC neurons involved in integrating visual and auditory stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale electrophysiology was used to record SC neuron responses to spatially restricted visual and auditory stimuli.
  • A general, population-level model was created to describe sensory integration dynamics.
  • Analysis focused on spatial, temporal, and intensity requirements for multisensory integration.

Main Results:

  • The mouse SC exhibits topographically organized visual and auditory neurons.
  • Nonlinear multisensory integration was observed, dependent on auditory but not visual stimulus properties.
  • A nonlinear modulation function identified conditions for integration consistent with spatial matching and inverse effectiveness principles.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a population-level model for understanding multisensory integration in the Superior Colliculus.
  • Nonlinear integration dynamics in the SC are primarily influenced by auditory stimulus characteristics.
  • Findings align with established principles of sensory integration, offering insights into neural computation.