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Extracellular Vesicles as Central Mediators of COPD Pathophysiology
Derek W Russell1,2, Kristopher R Genschmer1, J Edwin Blalock1
1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;
Annual Review of Physiology
|November 1, 2021
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play key roles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. These tiny cell-derived sacs influence fundamental disease processes like inflammation and tissue remodeling in COPD.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Cell Biology
- Extracellular Vesicles
Background:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, heterogeneous, smoking-related respiratory disease with substantial global health impact.
- COPD pathogenesis involves intricate biological processes including proteolytic tissue remodeling, chronic inflammation, altered host-pathogen responses, cellular phenotype switching, and senescence.
- Cells communicate and modulate their microenvironment through various mechanisms, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging as critical mediators.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the known and potential roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the fundamental disease mechanisms underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- To highlight how EVs contribute to the complex pathogenesis of COPD by modulating cellular environments and intercellular communication.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their involvement in COPD.
- Analysis of the biological processes implicated in COPD pathogenesis and their potential modulation by EVs.
- Discussion of established and hypothetical functions of EVs in COPD development and progression.
Main Results:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as significant effectors in cellular communication, capable of influencing both adjacent and distant tissues.
- EVs are implicated in several key processes driving COPD, including inflammation, tissue remodeling, and altered host-pathogen interactions.
- Evidence suggests that EVs play established roles in COPD pathogenesis, contributing to the disease's complex and heterogeneous nature.
Conclusions:
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators in the complex biology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Understanding the multifaceted roles of EVs in modulating cellular environments is essential for elucidating COPD pathogenesis.
- Further research into EV function holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies targeting COPD.
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