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The mouse in safety evaluation.

J Doull

    Archives of Toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv Fur Toxikologie. Supplement
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review examines the use of mice in cancer testing, discussing expert reports on relevance to human risk. It explores modifications and alternative methods for evaluating chemical health effects.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Carcinogenesis Research
    • Environmental Health Science

    Background:

    • Mice are a common test species in oncogenicity bioassay programs.
    • Recent publications have critically reviewed the history, rationale, and experience of using mice in these studies.
    • Concerns exist regarding the direct extrapolation of mouse study findings to human carcinogenic risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss conclusions from key expert reports on the relevance of mouse liver hepatoma to human cancer risk.
    • To review recommendations for modifying current testing protocols and exploring alternative approaches.
    • To predict future developments in toxicology for evaluating long-term, low-level chemical exposures.

    Main Methods:

    • Review and synthesis of conclusions from three major expert reports.
    • Analysis of recommendations from the Nutrition Foundation, National Toxicology Program (NTP), and Office of Science and Technology Policy.
    • Discussion of alternative approaches to traditional bioassays.

    Main Results:

    • Expert reports highlight limitations in directly applying mouse oncogenicity data to human risk assessment.
    • There is a consensus on the need for modifying current testing protocols.
    • Alternative methods for evaluating chronic, low-dose chemical exposures are being developed.

    Conclusions:

    • The utility of mice in oncogenicity bioassays requires careful consideration and potential modification.
    • Future toxicological evaluations will likely incorporate a broader range of methods beyond traditional mouse bioassays.
    • Adapting testing strategies is crucial for accurately assessing human health risks from environmental chemicals.

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