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Transformation01:26

Transformation

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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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Recombinant DNA01:09

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

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Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
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Cloning and Transformation with Plasmid Vectors.

Michael R Green, Joseph Sambrook

    Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
    |November 2, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Plasmids are essential tools for molecular cloning, utilized since the first recombinant DNA studies. Modern plasmid vectors have evolved significantly, offering diverse, optimized options for cloning applications and bacterial transformation.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Biotechnology

    Background:

    • Plasmids have been foundational in molecular cloning since the advent of recombinant DNA technology.
    • Over 40 years of development have led to highly varied and specialized plasmid vectors.
    • Contemporary plasmid vectors differ significantly from their original designs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce the diverse features of modern plasmid vectors.
    • To describe methods for transforming Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells using these vectors.
    • To provide an overview of plasmid utility in molecular cloning.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of plasmid vector design principles.
    • Description of various plasmid vector types and their applications.

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  • Explanation of common E. coli transformation techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasmid vectors are now available in a vast array.
    • Vectors are frequently optimized for specific molecular cloning purposes.
    • Current plasmids bear minimal resemblance to early versions.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasmids remain indispensable tools in molecular cloning.
    • Significant advancements in plasmid design offer enhanced utility.
    • Understanding plasmid features and transformation methods is crucial for researchers.