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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Unreferenced spatial localization under monocular and dichoptic viewing conditions.

Apoorva Karsolia¹, Scott B Stevenson², Vallabh E Das²

¹College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA. akarsoli@central.uh.edu.

Scientific Reports

|November 2, 2021

Summary

Spatial localization accuracy decreases over time and is worse when viewing targets with alternating eyes. Eye position feedback combines efference copy with proprioception, which may be unreliable during binocular dissociation.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Vision Science
Spatial Cognition

Background:

Accurate spatial localization relies on precise eye position feedback in the brain.
Understanding this feedback mechanism is crucial for comprehending object perception in space.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the accuracy and precision of eye position feedback during monocular and dichoptic viewing.
To determine how temporal intervals and viewing conditions affect spatial localization.

Main Methods:

Subjects with normal ocular alignment localized briefly presented targets using a computer mouse.
Dichoptic viewing with red-green glasses created four viewing conditions (LL, LR, RL, RR).
Localization errors were measured as the difference between estimated and real target positions.

Main Results:

Spatial localization precision progressively worsened over time.
Localization errors were significantly greater in alternate-eye trials compared to same-eye trials under dichoptic viewing.
Errors correlated with individual subjects' average phoria.

Conclusions:

Spatial localization during binocular dissociation relies on combining efference copy signals with proprioceptive signals.
Proprioceptive signals may become unreliable when originating from the incorrect eye or are too noisy.
The findings shed light on the neural mechanisms of spatial awareness and eye movement control.