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Optimal soil Eh, pH for simultaneous decrease of bioavailable Cd, As in co-contaminated paddy soil under water

Bao-Min Yao1, Shu-Qing Wang2, Shu-Ting Xie1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|November 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Managing co-contaminated cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) paddy soils is challenging. Optimal conditions for reducing both toxic elements in rice involved specific soil redox potential (Eh) and pH levels, balancing their uptake.

Keywords:
Co-contamination (Cd and As)EhRiceTrade-off valuepH

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Agricultural Chemistry

Background:

  • Paddy soils in China frequently suffer from co-contamination with cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As).
  • Decreasing the bioavailability of both Cd (cation) and As (anion) simultaneously is difficult due to their opposing ionic forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal soil redox potential (Eh) and pH conditions for reducing Cd and As bioavailability in the soil-rice system.
  • To investigate the impact of water management strategies on toxic element bioavailability and uptake by rice.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted soil culture and rice pot experiments.
  • Implemented various water management strategies.
  • Monitored soil Eh, pH, and concentrations of Cd and As in soil and rice grains.

Main Results:

  • Long-term flooding led to near-neutral soil pH (approximately 7.0).
  • Soil pH was the primary factor for Cd and As bioavailability in unflooded conditions, while Eh was dominant under flooding.
  • Flooding reduced Cd in rice grains (54.5%–95.5%) but significantly increased As concentration (214%–302%).
  • Minimal trade-off between Cd and As bioavailability was achieved at soil Eh of -130 mV and pH of 6.8.

Conclusions:

  • Water management, particularly flooding, significantly alters soil Eh and pH, impacting Cd and As bioavailability.
  • Achieving simultaneous reduction of Cd and As bioavailability requires careful control of soil Eh and pH, with optimal values identified.
  • The findings provide critical insights for managing co-contaminated paddy soils to improve rice safety.