Caudal thigh intermuscular lipomas in dogs: Anatomic review and approach to surgical excision

The surgical approach for excision of caudal thigh intermuscular lipomas (IML) in dogs is described with relevant anatomy and short-term outcomes reported. Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent IML excision between 2015 to 2019. Signalment, location of the lipoma, pre-operative diagnostic tests, histopathology results, use of a closed-suction drain, and follow-up information including drain and suture removal were recorded. Mean age of patients in this study was 8.7 years. Multiple breeds were affected and there was no predilection for either left or right hind limb. Pre-operative diagnostic tests included fine-needle aspirate, radiography, peripheral ultrasonography, and/or computed tomography scan. In 45% (5/11) of the cases, a closed suction drain was placed. All masses removed were deemed grossly consistent with a lipoma by the attending clinician and 5 were confirmed by histopathology. No complications were noted in any case. Removal of caudal thigh IML requires careful identification of and dissection around the sciatic nerve, which is easily achieved with appropriate knowledge of the relevant anatomy and surgical approach.