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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
Published on: March 1, 2019
The Well-being of children in lock-down: Physical, emotional, social and academic impact
Naiara Berasategi Sancho1, Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon2, Maria Dosil Santamaria3
1Department Didactics and School Organisation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain.
Insights
The Covid-19 lockdown impacted children's well-being, with physical and creative activities declining. Girls, younger children, and those with outdoor access reported better well-being during this period.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- The Covid-19 pandemic necessitated widespread social distancing measures.
- School closures and home confinement significantly altered children's daily routines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To holistically analyze child well-being during a full Covid-19 lockdown in Spain.
- To assess physical, emotional, social, and academic indicators of well-being.
- To identify factors influencing children's well-being during confinement.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the "Well-being of Children in Lockdown" (WCL) scale.
- Survey administered to parents of 1225 children aged 2-12 years in Northern Spain.
- Data collected on physical, emotional, social, and academic aspects of well-being.
Main Results:
- Overall child well-being during lockdown was at an intermediate level.
- Lowest well-being scores were observed in physical activity and creative/playful activities.
- Girls, younger children, and those with access to outdoor space reported higher well-being.
Conclusions:
- Childhood well-being during Covid-19 lockdown presents a mixed picture.
- Targeted interventions are needed to improve physical and creative engagement for children.
- Factors like gender, age, and access to outdoor space are crucial for mitigating negative impacts.
Abstract:
The Covid-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented impact on societies. In the interest of maintaining social distancing, schools in many countries have closed their doors and children have been confined to their homes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to holistically analyze the well-being of children during a period of full lockdown in Spain, by considering physical, emotional, social, and academic indicators. The scale "Well-being of Children in Lockdown" (WCL) was used to measure the well-being of 1225 children from 2 to 12 years old from Northern Spain. The survey was completed by the parents and was designed to analyze children's well-being in terms of physical, emotional, social and academic aspects. The results suggest that the general well-being of children during lockdown was at an intermediate level. Analysis of the various measures of well-being revealed that the lowest levels were obtained for physical activity, along with creative and playful activities. Girls, younger children, and those who have access to an outdoor space showed the greatest levels of well-being. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for the well-being of children and, in particular, how this can be improved amid the current Covid-19 crisis.
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