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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

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Walking Speed and Mortality: An Updated Systematic Review.

Irene Rosmaninho1, Pedro Ribeirinho-Soares1, José Pedro L Nunes1

  • 1From the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, and the Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.

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Slow walking speed (WS) is a consistent predictor of mortality. This systematic review confirms WS as a valuable tool for improving patient healthcare outcomes and risk assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Walking speed (WS) is a readily measurable physiological indicator.
  • Previous studies suggest an association between slower WS and increased mortality risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and update evidence on the association between slow walking speed and all-cause mortality.
  • To evaluate the utility of WS as a predictor in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published literature.
  • Searches conducted on PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases.
  • Inclusion of 61 articles representing 120,838 patients and over 25,148 deaths.

Main Results:

  • Consistent association found between slower walking speed and increased mortality from all causes.
  • Follow-up durations in included studies ranged from 2 to 21 years.
  • Data synthesis from 61 studies confirmed WS as a significant mortality predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Walking speed is a reliable and continuous predictor of mortality.
  • Supports the integration of WS measurement into routine clinical practice for enhanced healthcare.
  • WS offers a simple yet effective tool for patient risk stratification.